Spring Security

Spring Security 的前身是 Acegi Security ，是 Spring 项目组中用来提供安全认证服务的框架。

安全主要包含两个操作:

“认证”，是为用户建立一个他所声明的主体。主题一般式指用户，设备或可以在你系统中执行动作的其他系统。

“授权”指的是一个用户能否在你的应用中执行某个操作，在到达授权判断之前，身份的主题已经由身份验证过程建立了。

1 Spring Security 入门

1.1 添加Maven依赖

<!-- spring-security -->
<!-- 包含过滤器和相关的Web安全基础结构代码,任何与servlet API依赖的东西 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 包含安全名称空间解析代码和Java配置代码 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

1.2 spring-security.xml 的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd">
    <!--auto-config设置为true如果我们没有指定登录页面，会为我们自动创建一个登录页面-->
    <security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="false">
        <!--定义访问页面所需要的角色信息-->
        <security:intercept-url pattern="/**" access="ROLE_USER,ROLE_ADMIN"/>
    </security:http>
    <security:authentication-manager>
        <security:authentication-provider>
            <security:user-service>
                <!--配置角色信息-->
                <security:user name="creep" authorities="ROLE_USER" password="{noop}1234"/>
                <security:user name="admin" authorities="ROLE_ADMIN"
                               password="{bcrypt}$2a$10$pwbWHHvmFFQkaCJLoCtFBOgu9Y27szSgoASfvhTh.7BV0QvayP5ya"/>
            </security:user-service>
        </security:authentication-provider>
    </security:authentication-manager>
</beans>

1.3 web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--过滤器，拦截请求，跳转到登录页面-->
    <filter>
        <!--name是固定的，因为会根据这个name找到对应的Filter-->
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    <!--加载spring security配置文件-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring-security.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <!--配置DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>disPatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--配置Tomcat启动时就加载spring配置文件-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--配置启动顺序-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <!--所有请求都会先经过DispatcherServlet进行处理-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>disPatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

2.自定义登录页面

<!-- 配置不过滤的资源（静态资源及登录相关） -->
<security:http security="none" pattern="/login.jsp" />
<security:http security="none" pattern="/failer.jsp" />

<security:form-login login-page="/login.jsp"
login-processing-url="/login" usernameparameter="username"
password-parameter="password" authenticationfailure-url="/failer.jsp"
default-target-url="/success.jsp"/>
<!--退出登录invalidate-session="true"会删除session中保存的用户信息 -->
<security:logout invalidate-session="true" logout-url="/logout"
logout-success-url="/login.jsp" />
<!-- 关闭CSRF, 用于指定禁用Spring Security的CSRF保护。默认值为false（启用CSRF保护）-->
<security:csrf disabled="true" />

3.Spring Security使用数据库认证